Role Of Queen In Beowulf Grendel (1481 words) Essay Example For Students

Job Of Queen In Beowulf Grendel (1481 words) Essay Job of Queen in Beowulf GrendelIn the two writings, Beowulf and Grendel, the principle reason for the Queens are to serve the courts as weavers of harmony. In Grendel in any case, Queen Wealththeow is depicted in a lot more prominent detail and fills a further need. The peruser gains knowledge to a section Grendel that is absent in Beowulf, his longing for a human. It was not bizarre for ladies to be offered as tokens of harmony inside the respectable courts. In the novel Grendel, Wealhtheows sibling, King of the Helmings, gave her to King Hrothgar to advance harmony among the Helmings and Scyldings. She had given, her life for those she adored. So would any snickering, eyelash batting female in her court, given the correct arrangement, the insignificant conditions(Grendel, p.102). It is unexpected how she advanced harmony from her appearance since she was a basic part in keeping harmony, as the weaver of harmony in the later of the two writings. Sovereign Wealhtheow anyway isn't the main lady in the writings that was neglected to support submission among fighting courts. Sovereign Hygd was offered to Hygelac under fundamentally the same as conditions as told in Beowulf, and depicted a similar job in Hygelacs realm. There is reference in the two writings concerning this convention, and it is apparent to the peruser this isn't a strange Anglo-Saxon custom. Sovereign Wealhtheow and Queen Hygd filled in as incredible good examples for the courts in which they served. They exemplified the characteristics and behavior of the respectable individuals. Sovereign Wealhtheow demonstrated phenomenal balance from the earliest starting point of the two writings. She was splendid as she passed the mead bowl around Heorot. The contribution of the bowl was emblematic, being that the bowl was first given to Hrothgar and afterward went to Beowulf, as though she gave him her trust. Beowulf gave Wealhtheow his assurance that he would be effective or kick the bucket in fight. After she gave Hrothgar and Beowulf the mead bowl she served the Scyldings, and did as such as though they were her own kin. She was not a Scylding, nor did she want to be one, however shenever made her misery known, as portrayed in Grendel. There isn't incredible detail on Queen Hygd in Grendel, however from what the peruser can assemble from Beowulf, she is as a very remarkable female good example as Queen Wealhtheow. She was youthful however extremely astute. Truth be told King Hygelac felt threatened by Hygds insight. Sovereign Hygd was not at all like Wealhtheow in the manner by which she didn't exposed numerous blessings. Hygd was increasingly worried about the eventual fate of the individuals of her realm succeeding Hygelacs passing than Wealhtheow. Hygd offered Beowulf the realm since she trusted it was to the greatest advantage of thepeople, she adored the warriors and wished harmony among all the individuals. Wealtheow then again felt that the realm ought to be safeguarded for her children. Wealhtheow talked after the quarrel at Finnsburg over the significance of her children assuming control over the realm in the sonnet Beowulf, and this helps Hrothgar to remember his age. This equivalent discourse influenced Hrothgar in the two writings. It constrained him to mull over his value of Wealhtheow. He understood that she was youthful and wonderful, and need not be with an elderly person. Which exacerbated his distress even is the way that she realized this also. Sovereign Wealhtheow set up an incredible mask when concealing the agony she encountered from being compelled to be Hrothgars spouse. Not at all like in Beowulf, in Grendel the peruser was given knowledge into Wealhtheows distress. The main time she would show her misery was the point at which she would lie in bed around evening time with Hrothgar with her eyes brimming with tears. Now and then she would leave the realm to abide in her distresses however she would be promptly encircled by monitors, and accompanied inside. Wealhtheow was achy to visit the family, she missed her property, and her sibling. At the point when her sibling visited Heorot she gave no consideration to Hrothgar, andHrothgar satisfied going around the mead bowl. In Grendel, it recounted Hrothgars love for wealhtheow. He would regularly gaze at her in adoration. In spite of her hatred she rewarded Hrothgar with much regard, she generally gazed toward him and alluded to him as my master. .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e , .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e .postImageUrl , .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e , .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e:hover , .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e:visited , .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e:active { border:0!important; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e:active , .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2583ffab732622f997f34962 3d293c4e .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2583ffab732622f997f349623d293c4e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Paper theme on Invisible Man EssayAlthough Wealhtheow has a lot of disdain towards serving the Danes, she puts all that adjacent to her and satisfied her obligations as anpraiseworthy sovereign. In Grendel it told how she separated smashed men in the mead lobby, as though she was their mom. Her intercession helped them to remember their obligations toward the realm. Her quality brought light and warmth, men started talking, kidding and chuckling, the two Danes and Geats together(Grendel, p.163). She made a positive inclination all through the realm. In her quality the Shaper vocalized on a positive note about solace and satisfaction. Wealh theow offered Beowulf guidance regarding appropriate decorum , how to address the Geats with mellow words. She prompted him to ensure he shared his endowments. Afterall that was a standard by which she lived. Before Beowulf left the Danes, Queen Wealhtheow gave Beowulf a valuable neckline , the Brosing neckband, in thankfulness for his obligation. She gave him the endowments with the goal that he could make known what his identity was, to be glad for his achievements. She wished him the good luck and solicited him to take care from her children. There was a lot of spotlight on Queen Wealhtheows external magnificence in the novel Grendel. It really expounded than in the sonnet, Beowulf. From Wealhtheows entrance into the novel, the peruser was told in incredible detail of her physical excellence. Beowulf basically centered around her internal magnificence. She was portrayed as having hair red as fire, as delicate as the reddish sheen on winged serpents gold. Her face was delicate, st rangely quiet (Grendel p.100). This mix made her an entirely attractive lady. So alluring that Unferth was pulled in to her. Unferth played with Wealhtheow frequently in Grendel. At the point when she would offer him the mead he would look at her and look down and grin. Unferth felt humiliation after he said something about men slaughtering their siblings while they were smashed. Barely any individuals in Heorot found the remark clever, the sovereign was found napping. He regarded the sovereign, as did each one all through the realm. He was embarrassed at what he had stated, he felt lament and disparagement by his mix-up and looked at the sovereign without turning away. Being the benevolent individual that she was she pardoned him, and he was comforted. The desire for Wealhtheow didn't stop with Unferth. Maybe the most huge distinction in the two writings is that in Grendel,the beast, was pulled in to Wealhtheow. There is no proposal in Beowulf that Grendel gangs any emotions toward the people. This craving for Wealhtheow gives the peruser better knowledge into Grendels character. Up until this point the peruser was given no clue that Grendel had anything aside from disdain toward humankind. Grendel was contacted the first occasion when he saw Wealhtheow, he was struck by her honesty and magnificence. He needed to wail at seeing her; the peruser had never been acquainted with this touchy side of the beast. The peruser wasnt the one in particular who had an issue understanding Grendels sentiments, Grendel couldnt comprehend them either. He was tormented by the red of her hair and the arrangement of her jaw and the white of her shoulders. There is certainly a sexual hint in Grendels want for Wealththeow. Upon his assault of her he tor e her up by her feet as though he was going to part her fifty-fifty. He needed to execute her yet he was torn by his inclination for her, all the agony he needed to exact was sexual. He needed to cook the appalling opening between her legs, and press out her defecation with his clench hands. His intention in slaughtering her w

Lost at the Fair Free Essays

Lost at the Fair Every august the family would stack up and head to the enormous reasonable in Leitchfield. Continuously eager to arrive and make a beeline for the rides while father went to the tractor pull. It was constantly an incredible encounter until the year 1993. We will compose a custom paper test on Lost at the Fair or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Mother was taking me and my siblings to the rides. We had been to a few was having a flat out impact. At that point my reality solidified and I was terrified for my life. We were coming out of the pleasant house my siblings were in front of me and out of nowhere I couldn’t discover them. I glanced before me then behind me no where’s around I chose to take the exit and go to my mother. I thought she’d be directly around the bend, however when I adjusted it she was no where’s knowledge. I began strolling around frightened and crying I couldn’t discover my mother no where’s. Out of nowhere this lady came to me. I wasn’t sure in the event that she was going to support me or take me she was only an outsider. Fortunately this was an extremely sweet lady who took me to the host box; she was going to assist me with returning to my mother. The commentator asked me my mom’s names and they hollered a few times I was concerned she couldn’t hear them and what was I going to do. Four years of age in a reasonable with many individuals. At last my auntie went to the commentator box after they guaranteed she was my auntie they discharged me to her. At that point out of the blue I heard my mom’s voice hollering for me. Both terrified and crying we were brought together and appreciative I was protected. I took in an important exercise that day and I wasn’t going to ponder off any longer. Step by step instructions to refer to Lost at the Fair, Essay models

I never want to finish my P.E. requirement

I never want to finish my P.E. requirement PE classes in high school tend to follow one of two models. Either they center around “fitness testing”, like running the mile or doing pushups. Or they resemble my PE class from last year. We usually started out class by “stretching”â€"aka sitting on the floor pointing at your feet, or lying on your back yelling “I really like this stretch!” Then we would do our “daily walk” around the track, followed by a vigorous round of indoor kickball or doing homework. With these experiences in mind, I was pretty psyched to see just how cool the PE offerings at MIT are! A small excerpt from the PE course listing for last quarter. Heres a link to the full course listings for this semester! I mean, tango? Fencing? I don’t need a graduation requirement to convince me to take that! First quarter, I took Women’s Weightlifting. Which was awesome. Before starting the class, I had barely stepped foot in a proper gym. To me, the equipment might as well have been machinery. My primary goal from the class was to learn how to work out in a gym without breaking any fancy machines (or myself)! The course taught me that and more. The first couple classes were spent quickly going over how to use each of the machines and how to perform each exercise. From then on, we dove straight into our workouts. We were given a workout sheet with a set of exercises, a number of reps, and space for us to track our progress. Each class we would run through the workout, which took about 35-40 minutes, and then we were free to leave, which meant I had time to change and get to my next class on time. Coach Martinovich was a great resource. Not only was he on-hand to answer questions about technique or proper use of the equipment, but he also helped us personalize our workouts based on our skill level and preference for certain exercises. Our workout sheet from class. Ultimately, not only did I end up learning how to use the gym, but I got a workout incorporated into my (pretty busy) daily routineâ€"which was more than worth the one-hour block it took out of my schedule. I actually found myself looking forward to weightlifting each day. Going to PE was an excuse to de-stress and take my mind off academics for a little while. Plus, it’s really satisfying noticing that I can lift more weight now than I could when I started the class. Improvement is a great motivator! I think the most rewarding part about my PE class is that I found a form of working out that I can actually tolerate! I’ve tried an impressive variety of sports and workouts without too much success, and had sort of resigned myself to the fact that I just don’t really like exercise. But since taking weightlifting, I’ve continued lifting weights twice a week with a workout buddy from my class (hey Lily!!!). The Z-center, the gym next to the Student Center, is outfitted with not one, but two rooms well-stocked with weight machines, plus a lot of the dorms have their own weight rooms. It’s really satisfying working out, not to mention an awesome habit to get into. The weight room in MacGregor. At this rate I’ll probably be strong enough to lift all my textbooks by the end of the semester! ;D This quarter I’m taking beginner ice skating. The class is as fun as it sounds and it’s really cool picking up a new skill. When I started the class, pretty much the only thing I knew how to do was fall over and gawk at the ice (I’m from SoCal. The only kind of ice we have comes in a citrusy drink.). Now I can do a crossover, turn around, skate backwards, and then fall over! MITs own indoor ice rink. Just a few weeks ago, this entire area was an open event space! (Side note: I’m in the same “beginner” class as Kevin! Who is  NOT a beginner ice skater, and who has been giving me awesome tips about how to do important things like stop and turn around. To be honest, I pretty much learn new techniques by watching how Kevin does them. That just goes to show you that at MIT, your classmates are all so incredibly mind-blowing and talented that you’ll be learning from them as much as from your teachers.) There are so many awesome PE classes on offer, that Im surprised that students need to be incentivized to take them. But indeed, there is a PE requirement instituted as part of the graduation requirements. Students at MIT are required to take four quarters of PE, to be completed during their freshman and sophomore years, on pain of receiving a torrent of emails from the Physical Education department reminding you of your tardiness. Fortunately, PE credit is assigned on a different scale than academic credit, which means that A) you don’t have to worry about maxing out the freshman credit limit because of your archery class but B) you can’t meet the raw unit requirement for your major by taking Zumba. PE classes aren’t time intensive. Most are run for two one-hour blocks each week, with times ranging from 8:00 a.m. (wait, there are people awake at 8:00 a.m.???) to about 6:00 in the evening. So far, I’ve been cramming all my P.E. classes into a one-hour window I have open on Tuesdays and Thursdays. It has been a little tight getting to and from PE to my other classes, and there has been some running across campus involved, but it’s definitely doable. If youre at MIT, I definitely recommend keeping an open mind about PE classes and taking advantage of whats available! My schedule allowing, I’m planning on taking a PE class every quarter. It’s a great way to meet new people and get some exposure to different physical activities. My PE wish list is already long enough to last me through junior year…. Sailing Ballroom dancing Zumba Archery Pistol Sailing Hip Hop Broomball (Like ice hockey, but with brooms, a soft ball, and no skates. Apparently it is impossible to be good at broomball and everyone falls over constantly, which of course means its a lot of fun!) Aikido Self-defense Tango Plus, I have to get my pirate’s license. Because my parents told me when I committed that I wasn’t allowed to go to MIT unless I came home a pirate. Arrrrr!

The Quality And Execution Of My Writings - 1115 Words

To begin with, English 1101 has been a very trying but beneficial course in regards to my writing development. Throughout the course, I struggled with keeping my personal feelings and opinions out of my work. Although, my idea development and competitive nature to have the best paper in the class proved to be my strengths, writing was a lot harder than anticipated. From Essay One to Essay Three, the quality and execution of my writings have tremendously improved. Along with writing workshops and journal entries every class, I can honestly say I have become a very strong writer compared to day one of classes. In continuation, when I first was told I was assigned English 1101, I immediately thought this course would be a simple walk in the park. I was sadly mistaken. On the first day of class, my professor introduced the class to journal. At first I didn’t think anything of it, but once again I was wrong. My professor instructed the class to write for fifteen minutes straight re gardless if we didn’t have anything to write about. Easier said than done. I struggled with the first journal entry because this was my first time writing as instructed in almost five years. Once graduating high school in 2010, I figured my writing days were over. At first I didn’t think this forced writing would do anything more than just waste class time. It actually helped me out in more ways than I could ever imagine. Not only was I able to write about the topic question given, but whenever I drewShow MoreRelatedWhy I Should Pursue A Career Field At The University Of The Sequoias823 Words   |  4 PagesDuring my high school years, I recall working in the fields during vacation breaks with my mother harvesting tomatoes, picking up cherries, and pruning grape vines. Fascinating as it sounds, I was always intrigued to understand why fruits and vegetables spoil or often cause food poising in humans. 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K. 332 First Movement Analysis Essay - 2002 Words

Mozart Sonata No. 12 in F Major K. 332 First Movement Rachel Gilmore MTC 461.001 November 26, 2012 The first movement of Mozart’s piano Sonata No. 12 in F Major is written fairly typically in the very structured sonata form. Historically is follows the main guidelines that were understood for the form. Harmonically, is progresses like expected. There are a few surprises here and there, but they are typical for Mozart’s compositions, especially his sonatas of the 18th century. In all, it makes a very interesting piece of work, especially with so much contrast within it. The formal structure of the first movement is sonata form. Not only is this evident in the title but it is very clear after an analysis of the piece has been done.†¦show more content†¦The No. 12 F Major sonata is a great example. The first movement in itself has seven different melodic devices. The harmony tends to stay within the realm of normal for the 1700’s. There are places, though, where Mozart again drifts from common practices. Mozart was fairly well known for his inventive bridge sections during the expositions of his sonatas. In these bridge sections, Mozart would begin a theme on v (minor), â™ ­III, III, VI, or V that eventually creates the false sense of having transposed to the dominant V key. Often Mozart would proceed to the tonic sounding V with an augmented sixth chord. He does just this in Sonata number 12, as shown in the example on the top of the next page in measures sixty-four through sixty-seven. VI7 ii7 V7 Ger+6 V Mozart begins a harmony on a Major sixth chord and leads into a V with a seventh chord, giving a dominant to tonic feel. He further gives this effect by leading into another V with the augment sixth German chord that has been filled out with a perfect fifth and a major third above the Aâ™ ­ bass. Though the augmented sixth chord is voiced unorthodoxly, it gives the same effect. 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The legal profession is a form of public trust Free Essays

The legal profession is a form of public trust which is given only to those qualified enough to uphold the law and assist in the administration of justice. It is a duty of public service which involves sincerity, integrity and reliability, in which pecuniary considerations are a mere by-product, notwithstanding establishing lawyer-client relationships in the highest degree of fiduciary. The lawyer is an oath-bound servant of society whose conduct is clearly circumscribed by inflexible norms of law and ethics to which the ends of justice are the primary considerations. We will write a custom essay sample on The legal profession is a form of public trust or any similar topic only for you Order Now In rendering legal services to his clients, he must observe utmost fidelity to the cause of his client regardless of his personal beliefs on his client’s guilt or innocence, as even the most guilty of all criminals can still avail of the different protections afforded by the law. Sometimes, though, lawyers are faced with legal complications in providing the most adequate defenses for their clients especially when the latter are found to have deliberately violated the laws of the land. These acts do no include justifying circumstances in criminal prosecutions as these are been deemed lawful when convincingly proven in court. The acts contemplated here are acts which are considered, on its face, patent violations of the law bereft of any legal justification. However, these illegal acts do not preclude the rendering of legal services for the protection of their rights. Among the conditions and circumstances that utterly warrant the defense of illegal acts are those which are challenged based on constitutional issues involving the due process and equal protection clauses, and constitutionally-protected freedoms such as free expression and the right to privacy. The due process and the equal protection clauses have been two of the most important protections afforded by the US Constitution to the American people to safeguard them from the unwarranted intrusions of government into the free exercise of their democratic rights. As a result, many previously considered violations of the law were overturned by the US Supreme Court for abridging the due process and equal protection clauses of the constitution, to the extent that entire statutes were declared unconstitutional and taken off the statute books. In the case of Lawrence v. Texas, two gay couples were charged and convicted for â€Å"deviate sexual intercourse, namely anal sex, with a member of the same sex,† (539 U.S. 558) and violating the Texas Penal Code Ann.  §21.06(a), which provides that a person commits an offense if he engages in deviate sexual intercourse with another individual of the same sex. The homosexual couple asserted that their conviction was an infringement of the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth amendment, in which the majority opinion answered thus These matters, involving the most intimate and personal choices a person may   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   make in a lifetime, choices central to personal dignity and autonomy, are central   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   to the liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment. At the heart of liberty is   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the right to define one’s own concept of existence, of meaning, of the universe,    and of the mystery of human life. Beliefs about these matters could not define the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   attributes of personhood were they formed under compulsion of the State.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pa. v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992) Such homosexual acts in the privacy of a person’s home is subsumed in the concept stated above and their autonomy as persons to decide for themselves the concept of their own existence and meaning must be respected by the Court and the law. While convicted in the lower courts for violating the law, they were vindicated by the ruling of the Supreme Court based on their constitutional challenge. A case that was won based on procedural due process is the case of Tumey v. Ohio in which Tumey was arrested and charged with the unlawful possession of intoxicating liquor at White Oak, another village in Hamilton county, Ohio, on a warrant issued by the mayor of North College Hill. The mayor of the town then proceeded to try and convict Tumey under the existing law. His conviction was challenged based on the pecuniary interest of the mayor in convicting Tumey as he stood to gain from the amount of the costs in each case, in addition to his regular salary, as compensation for hearing such cases. There is, therefore, no way by which the mayor may be paid for his service as judge, if he does not convict those who are brought before him. The US Supreme Court looked favorably on the assertions of Tumey, reversed his conviction, and remanded the case for further trial, due to the utter lack of impartiality in the previous proceedings with the mayor sitting as a judge. This is proof once again that constitutional challenges protect the rights even of persons seen to have deliberately violated the law. In Lanzetta v. New Jersey, the appellants were indicted and convicted under the New Jersey Statute which prosecutes â€Å"any person not engaged in any lawful occupation, known to be a member of any gang consisting of two or more persons, who has been convicted at least three times of being a disorderly person, or who has been convicted of any crime, in this or any other State, is declared to be a gangster. The US Supreme Court declared the statute unconstitutional for being repugnant to the Fourteenth Amendment as the word â€Å"gang† and â€Å"gangster† is vague such that even those who belong to a group whose objective may be legal may unnecessarily be covered. Hence, due to vagueness, there is no sufficient warning to the public as to what exactly is proscribed by the law. The persons in this case, even if found to be true gangsters in a socio-cultural sense, had their convictions reversed simply due to the vagueness of the law. In the case of In Re Lynch, John Lynch was released from prison that supposedly condemned him for life behind bars as the US Supreme Court found the penalty for this offense of indecent exposure too cruel for such a light offense, relative to more heinous crimes with the same penalty. Lynch was definitely found guilty of his crime, yet the law still afforded him adequate protection despite his offenses when it was challenged based on the constitutional issue of disproportionate punishments which, although not cruel or unusual in its method, it is so disproportionate to the crime for which it is inflicted that it shocks the conscience and offends fundamental notions of human dignity. In New York Times v. Sullivan, the libel suit of L.B. Sullivan against the New York Times did not earn the affirmation of the US Supreme Court as it held that the interest of the public outweighs the interest of any other individual. While the New York Times might, on its face, erred in accurately reporting the facts of the civil rights demonstration involving Martin Luther King, the newspaper cannot be held for its criticisms of the official conduct of public officials.   In this case, the freedom of the press saved the New York Times from settling the multi-million dollar libel suit filed by Sullivan even if the lower courts found them guilty of the offense. In the famous case of Griswold v. Connecticut, Drs. Griswold and Buxton were found guilty of violating 53-32 and 54-196 of the General Statutes of Connecticut and fined $100 each for giving information, instruction, and medical advice to married persons as to the means of preventing conception, notwithstanding examining a married woman and prescribed the best contraceptive device or material for her use. The US Supreme Court reversed their convictions based on a discussion of the penumbra of rights which are formed by emanations from those constitutional guarantees that help give them life and substance. This is shown in past cases wherein, though not directly involved, the right to privacy was upheld. The court, in verbatim even said – The present case, concerns a relationship lying within the zone of privacy created   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   by several fundamental constitutional guarantees. And it concerns a law which, in   Ã‚   forbidding the use of contraceptives rather than regulating their manufacture or    sale, seeks to achieve its goals by means having a maximum destructive impact upon that relationship. Such a law cannot stand in light of the familiar principle, so often applied by this Court, that a â€Å"governmental purpose to control or prevent   Ã‚   activities constitutionally subject to state regulation may not be achieved by means which sweep unnecessarily broadly and thereby invade the area of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   protected freedoms.† Yet again, the US Supreme Court intervened in expunging responsibility from individuals who were found to be in blatant violation of the existing laws of the land. In all of these, it is patently clear that individuals found to be in deliberate violation of existing laws can still be afforded protection by our system of laws. While many other conditions and exceptions exist to warrant the defense of supposedly erring individuals and groups, the best way of going around the violations of the law is through a sound constitutional challenge before the courts of law, from the lowest courts all the way up to the US Supreme Court. It must be remembered that these are done not only for the sheer obstinacy of defending the cause of the client but also in pursuit of upholding the rule of law, the integrity of the courts and assist in the administration of justice. The duties of the lawyers are not only to prosecute and defend, but also to ensure that justice is done to all those who deserve it. Cases Cited: Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003) Tumey v. Ohio, 373 US 510 (1927) Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 US 451 (1939) In Re Lynch, 8 Cal 3rd 410 P. 2d (1972) New York Times v. Sullivan, 376 US 254 (1964) Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 US 47A (1965)    How to cite The legal profession is a form of public trust, Essay examples

Lord Of The Flies - Role Of Gender Essays - Gender Studies

Lord of the flies - Role of Gender What was it that caused the aggression and dominance exhibited by the boys of Lord of the Flies? Was it some metaphysical, spiritual force, or perhaps their genetic makeup? Could it have been the influence of their peers or families, or was it the media that inspired this dangerous pattern? Conceivably, their gender had something to do with this appalling trait. It all begs the question, would the same experiences have occurred had females been stranded on the island instead of males? Had females been in a similar situation as the boys in Lord of the Flies, they would have fared abundantly better. Initially, this paper will address society's role in encouraging males' violent behavior, as well as females' politeness and passivity. Secondly, it will be discussed how family socialization influences females' gentle natures and males' aggressive temperaments. Finally, this research will explore both gender's leadership styles, and scientific perception behind these differences. Much of what society dictates can affect children's perceptions of the ideal gender standards, and can lead to abuse and violence. Media has a huge role in perpetuating these dangerous gender stereotypes. Numerous male images are used in advertising and television, representing themes such as "heroic masculinity" and "might is right". These portrayals of violent behavior associated with masculinity target young men and convince them that in order to live up to society's standards, they must resort to aggressive and dominant behavior, the use of assertion, and physical violence. Males are saturated with images of glorified aggression through movies such as Lethal Weapon, sports programs, and "macho" celebrities, like Bruce Willis and Arnold Shwartzenager. Female stereotypes span the opposite extreme. Innumerable young women perceive "ladylike" expectations to be neatness, passivity, politeness, and struggle to meet them, hence they appear nurturing and feminine. Women in the media who challenge these stereotypical behaviors and display assertiveness tend to be slotted into the role of "tomboy" or "dyke". These impositions contribute to the breeding of young men who act in an abusive manner, and are terribly restricting towards boys who covet deep emotion. The antagonist of Lord of the Flies, Jack Merridew, perceives himself to be higher than the others, on the basis of being the choral leader. Jack's hierarchical views cause him to verbally abuse, psychologically torture, and eventually wound and kill other children. With the influences of society's stereotyping, girls would generally more nurturing and caring towards group members. A lot of males' violent behavior and females' complaisance can be accredited to family and institutional socialization. Parents usually raise boys on aggressive sports, such as hockey and football, which encourage violence. Girls, however, are generally brought up on "feminine" activities, dance and figure skating to name a few, which promote a gentle, polite nature. It is the rare parent that heeds their four-year-old son's aspiration to be a ballet dancer by purchasing the child a pair of tights and a leotard. When a boy shows more interest in dolls than in trucks, his family may be distressed, and provoke him to reveal his "masculine" side. After striving for egalitarianism between the sexes for so many years, families still deter young girls from pursuits of hockey stardom, hoping to interest them in Pointe shoes. Displays of emotion by boys are often criticized for being "unmasculine", whereas emotional behavior in girls tends to be expected and accepted. As a result, boys tend to not only hide their feelings, but criticize friends for showing their emotions. Girls, on the other hand, encourage one another to express feelings and console one another naturally.

Free Essays on Grandpa Tech

. He left the room, slowly walking down the split-level hallway, his mug held tightly in his knobby hand as my brother and I watched from our bunk bed. His walk was tired as he shuffled down the hallway, painted beautiful early-nineties off-white. His marbled grey hair was up in its typical perm, tightly curled about his small, thin head. His frame showed the wear from seventy plus years of work, bent over ever so slightly to reach a minute height hovering 5’5† in space. His gnarled hands sprouted skinny fingers connected through thick knuckles. His hands shook at a slow pac... Free Essays on Grandpa Tech Free Essays on Grandpa Tech As I begin my freshman year of college, I find myself attaining a degree entirely based upon the teachings of my grandfather. As a young adult of 18, I realize that a Bachelor of Science degree in Engineering Technology could simply be the B.S. of Tom Goranson. He awakened the tinkering gene within me, passed down through the ages. Indoctrinated as a small child, engineering has become a part of my life. He was responsible for molding my constructive abilities into something worthwhile for the general public. I can remember a specific incident with my grandfather when I lived in Kansas. My grandpa, who migrated south from the north woods of Minnesota, decided that he would help his three grandchildren take advantage of the enormous hill that they lived on. Yes, Kansas is not renowned for its gigantic hills; however, 84th Street East was known for its dogleg hill to the south, covered by ancient oak trees. Duplexes lined the streets, every third one or so mimicking the previous few, with the exception of the occupant’s personal belongings littering the lawns and driveways. The morning began promptly at 8:00, because hard edged Swedes are never late for anything. He woke us up in his heavy Minnesotan accent, a straight black coffee fragrance filling the room. â€Å"Hey now, time to get up boys,† his thick accent modifying all of his words. He left the room, slowly walking down the split-level hallway, his mug held tightly in his knobby hand as my brother and I watched from our bunk bed. His walk was tired as he shuffled down the hallway, painted beautiful early-nineties off-white. His marbled grey hair was up in its typical perm, tightly curled about his small, thin head. His frame showed the wear from seventy plus years of work, bent over ever so slightly to reach a minute height hovering 5’5† in space. His gnarled hands sprouted skinny fingers connected through thick knuckles. His hands shook at a slow pac...

5 School Signs That Earn an F

5 School Signs That Earn an F 5 School Signs That Earn an F 5 School Signs That Earn an F By Mark Nichol Everyone has an eye-rolling story about a teacher who misspelled words on the chalkboard or on printed assignment sheets, but a school’s marquee is too often is the scene of the crime when it comes to high-profile errors, too. The following photos document such transgressions. Sometimes, these letter kits lack enough letters to go around, or some get lost, and ingenuity prompts the letterer to improvise with a letter that looks similar to one that’s missing. This isn’t one of those times or it shouldn’t have been. The person who posted this sign obviously didn’t heed the advice. The statement reads awkwardly, too; I would have written, â€Å"Exercise your mind: Read.† Maybe the letter set lacked a colon, but they could have used a dash instead. (But they probably would have mistakenly used a hyphen, resulting in â€Å"Use your mind-read.†) Too bad the person responsible for posting this sign didn’t take a â€Å"seconnd† look at the negating note. And using hyphens as a decorative motif was ill advised. What HDJ has a â€Å"nacke† for is not paying attention to the little things like how to spell knack. I’d like to give HDJ the benefit of the doubt and assume that this photo was taken immediately after the sign was posted, and that it was immediately corrected. But how many of you have seen errors like this go uncorrected day after day? Imagine the blushes ’n’ chuckles at this event. The people responsible for posting these signs are administrative staff or, in the case of a sign like this, which requires a ladder for access, likely a custodian who are often less well educated than principals and teachers, but aren’t they provided with a memo or at least a handwritten note showing the exact wording (and lettering)? Guess not. Question: What’s worse than misspelling a word on a school sign? Answer: Misspelling the word spelling on a school sign. Done. The images above are coming from the Writers Keep and English Fail Blog. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesTaser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?20 Ways to Cry

Research philosophies and approaches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research philosophies and approaches - Essay Example Aesthetics pertain to what man considers beautiful or appealing. As art, architecture is also a form of expression executed in a manner considered appealing or beautiful. In constructing a structure, however, man uses inputs as well as produces waste. The use of inputs and wastes both affect man’s existence and in sustaining his way of life. Thus, the professional architect has to be responsible not only for his final product but also with the way he or she is able to produce his own product. It follows that the relevant philosophies that a professional architect should study must cover the following: man’s philosophies for existence and living that are basic for architectural designs the philosophies related to aesthetics and art as the bases for architectural designs that can be considered as aesthetically beautiful or artistic the relevant philosophies or ethics that the professional architect can adopt, and the philosophies relevant for professional architectural pr actice. Hence, the foregoing are some of the general areas in philosophy research that are most relevant for a professional architect or someone who seeks to become a professional architect. In developing research methods for any research, some of the more relevant philosophical perspectives are logical positivism, verstehen, and hermeutics. II. Man’s Philosophy for Living Man’s philosophy for living is varied. For example, a man’s philosophy for living may be simply to enjoy life and get the best pleasures from life. The situation of his or her fellow human being does not disturb him because the world is a jungle where the fittest rule and survives. He or she does not care for his or her fellow human being because he or she does not feel any sense of responsibility for another person. The need for architectural designs from this type of a person is simple: what appeals to him or her without regard to the possible effects of a design may have on resource use and wastes. On other hand, another philosophy of living can be altruistic or oriented to be of service to others. This can be reflected in how basic architectural decisions are made. For instance, an altruistic design may call for ensuring that architectural designs are useable by the disabled like the limping or lame, the blind, the aged, or those who are weak. The architectural designs of buildings, streets, and houses may be such that spaces are created for the disabled or for an aging and younger population. Another philosophy of living, however, may call for the use of more obviously expensive materials associated with wealth and power. This type of architectural clients may require, for example, floors or walls that are lined with gold or precious stones. They may require a Jacuzzi right in their rooms or a pool in many parts of their house with a specification that they are installed in an obvious way and that neighbors are made aware that they have these. The need for architect ural designs is not only for the sake of living and comfort but, more importantly, for conspicuous consumption. Conspicuous consumption may or may not be psychological but probably it is not only philosophical. As a philosophy for living, conspicuous consumption may result from a need to have a better standing in society. The standing can lead to better social influence, power, and esteem by the other members of society. Finally, another philosop

Ban Texting While Driving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ban Texting While Driving - Research Paper Example Many policy makers claim texting on cell phone drifts the attention of the driver from the road since at least one hand or eye must be used to compose the text message, read the message or send a message on cell phone (MacKinnon 295). Virginia Tech Transportation Institute and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) found out that driver inattention is responsible for about 30 percent of road crashes in the State (Pittman 73). Ban on texting while driving should be implemented across all States to control road accidents. Talking on cell phones (hand-held) is currently banned in 10 states that include Maryland, Nevada, New Jersey, Washington, Oregon, New York, Delaware, California, Connecticut and West Virginia, and the District of Columbia (Flynn 156). The use of cell phone by novice drivers is restricted in more than 30 states while text messaging while driving is restricted in 39 states including District of Columbia. School bus drivers are banned from texting while driving in Texas, Oklahoma and Mississippi while novice drivers are banned from texting in New Mexico, Missouri and Texas. The ban on texting is enforced under secondary laws in other states whereby the law enforcement officers will have other reasons for stopping motor vehicles before charging the driver for use of cell phones. Arkansas has a primary law that has banned drivers between the age of 18 years to 21 from using hand-held devices while driving through highways or school zones while Illinois has banned drivers in construction zones or school speed zones from using hand-held devices. However, California has exempted use voice activated and hands-free cell phones while Illinois provides exemptions to drivers who text to communicate an emergency situation to emergency personnel. â€Å"Motorists who use cell phones while driving are four times likely to cause accidents and injuries according to Insurance Institute for Highway Safety† (Flynn

Characterization in Albert Camus The Plague and Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot :: comparison compare contrast essays

Characterization in Albert Camus' The Plague and Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot Characterization is an important aspect of Waiting for Godot and The Plague. In both works, the authors use characters to express their own views and enable the reader to understand themes and messages. In The Plague, Camus discloses a small part of himself in each of the primary characters. The main character, Dr. Bernard Rieux, represents Camus' own rejection of needless suffering and his overwhelming compassion and respect for people searching for meaning in life (Lebesque 80). He silently accepts all that happens in the course of the epidemic, waiting patiently for the pestilence to die away. His role in the book can be summed up when he tells Father Panaloux that "Salvation's much too big a word for me. I don't aim so high. I'm concerned with man's health; and for me his health comes first" (219). Rieux rejects any form of heroism, focusing all of his energy on his duties as a doctor. Dr. Tarrou, the other protagonist in the work, shares a smaller portion of the narrative duties. Unlike Rieux, Tarrou often gives a personal, more moral account of the events happening around town. He often gives his own opinions on something, rather than a simple impartial explication. Tarrou expresses a desire for simplicity and directness while also wishing to rid himself of all evil. He identifies the plague with the death penalty and launches into an elaborate story about how his father was a lawyer and regularly fought for the death penalty. His emotional reactions against capital punishment express Camus' own views of a world in which the murder of people is legal and human existence becomes worthless (Rhein 44). Characterization is key in establishing the theme of Waiting for Godot. Vladimir and Estragon seem to have two modes of existence: together and by themselves. One critic observes, "As members of a cross-talk act, Vladimir and Estragon have complementary personalities" (Esslin 29). Vladimir seems to be the more stable of the two, while Estragon is more of a dreamer. Vladimir pretty much makes all of the decisions, and he is the only one to remember significant events from the past. He is always the one to remind Estragon that they must wait for Godot, and he seems to be the only one who cares about the consequences of not waiting.

Good Soldiers Essay

Causes and Consequences In War and the Iliad, Simons Well and Rachel Bespangle offer opposing interpret editions of the use of physical violence (force) against another person. The Good Soldiers considers force within the context of the Iraq War. In response to these texts, what question or questions do you have about the causes and consequences of force in contemporary life, particularly in war?For our first major essay, pursue a line of inquiry that explores the problem of hysterical violence, particularly as it relates to our course texts. What leads us to use for CE? What are the consequences that follow from that choice? What role does society plan y In our willingness to hurt or kill others? Are soldiers, who get paid to use force to rest Love conflict, heroes or victims in war? Offer these questions as examples of what you could study. Ultimately, you a responsible for the question that you decide to explore.My only restriction: y our inquiry must relate to our course readings . Whatever question you decide to address, please incorporate at least two Of 0 our three authors into your essay. In addition, you must also incorporate at least five o outside sources, either in support of your position or to help clarify the thinking of 10th note that your are welcome to include anecdotes from your own life in your essay -? possibly in its introduction. Recommend that you use templates from They Say, I Say in your body appear aphis to summarize, to quote, and/ r to comment on your evidence.You are writing for an audience that is unfamiliar with our texts, so you will need to summarize the m as you present your case, where necessary. Beyond that, the essay must follow MEAL and class formatting requirements. A forage rough draft is due on Tuesday, November 4. A seepage draft is due on Friday, November 7. The final draft is due at the beginning of class on Tuesday, November 1 1, and must be at least eight pages long not including y our â€Å"Works Cited† page .

The Furniture Industry and finance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 16 Words: 4807 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? From the last many years globalization has caused a vast impact on many industries. UK furniture industry also changed a lot with such a globalization trend. The addition of the technology and the changes in interior designing boosted the furniture business to a greater degree. Moreover, the globalization increased the choice for a consumer and the market started to be more competitive as earlier. (Drayse 2008) Jools Furniture Industries Ltd The overall growth rate and the position in market seem to be of a reputable level. The companys overall performance regarding business growth gives a positive impression. But on the other hand the vision of the chair person appears to be much conservative. The chair person is much interested in profitability rather then expansion and the quality and the scenario show that his emphasis on ROI is much more than any other thing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Furniture Industry and finance" essay for you Create order The group structure The company owns different divisions. According to the case study, the head office holds the control of the business. The centralized policy of the business has some favorable and some inauspicious effects on business activates. Some of these are pointed out as follow. Advantages As all the major decisions take place from head office so in such a way polices and strategies can be followed more strongly. Supplies can be purchased in bulk to cut down the overall cost. Work will be carried in best interest of the business rather then a department. Much effective control can be implemented. No need to employ professionals for every department in every division. Disadvantages Contrary to above advantages there are also many disadvantages. Employees motivational level suffers a lot. Specialties regarding different fields and division are over looked. Communication differences cause a great hurdle in the business development and will lead to sub-optimization. There will also be a lack of understanding the needs of different departments/divisions. (Ebig 2004) The Financial Fact Its true that the financial statements are fully loaded with lot of numbers. It is quite difficult to get the performance review in a glance over different statements. Different ratios are the major tools to get more information about the business efficiency and to evaluate different scenarios. (Tracy 2008) Many different ratios can be used to assess overall business performance. Some of them are as follow; I have split Profit or Loss Statement and Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) into two parts for better understanding and making relation between different ratios. The Revenue Growth It has been seen that a business needs some time to get consistency and gain market share. The performance of the overall business can be judged by its sales growth. As time passes organization tries to make much good relations with its customers, which causes sales growth. (Coker 2000)Â   The department wise %age of overall sales growth as compare to previous years is as follow. Division/Year 2008 2009 Quality Product Increase of 12.62% Increase of 9.78 Kitchen Increase of 10.45% Decrease of 3.98 Bedrooms Decrease of 7.5% Decrease of 6.16% Office Increase of 11.71% Increase of 12.44% The quality product divisions consistency seems down in 2009 as compared to year 2008. There may be a number of reasons behind such consistency decline. Export is also a major part of total sales revenue which remained low in 2009 as was in 2008. That may be the major reason in departmental sales decline. The Kitchens division sale is showing some adverse affects in 2009. As per case study the division is maintained under an old mill which may not be able to fulfill the markets requirements. The investment proposal by managing director of kitchen department may contribute up to some extent to generate some great business. Technology always adds some value to overall business performance. The constant decline in the sales turnover may be because of lacking of technological expertise. Turnover from office division is rising consistently. There may be number of reasons behind it. The managing director seems to be a sharp shooter of sales. Even not having any share in export, the departments overall performance regarding sales turnover is remarkable. COGS/Revenue Ratio and Other Expense Cost of goods sale is the direct cost incurred by a business to make sales. Higher the cost of the material, the larger will be the sales turnover required to meet the business activities. The cost also changes with the adopted method to mange the inventory system. (Clyde, Stickney, Roman, Schipper 2009) The ratios between COGS and Revenue are as follow. Division/Year 2007 2008 2009 Quality Product 61.09% 59.55% 58.63% Kitchen 60.78% 63.80% 62.39% Bedrooms 73.63% 68.56% 70.22% Office 61.10% 66.36% 63.03% Except quality product division, there is no other division with uniform behaviors towards direct cost and sales ratio. If we compare the COGS and revenue ratios we come to know that the bedroom division, even with a consistency in its direct cost, makes unfavorable sales in last two years. All the other direct cost lies between 58 to 63 percent of their revenue. But the bedroom division is consuming more than the other divisions. Other expenses are the major cause behind decline in divisions profitability. It consists of many different expenses of administrative and operational nature that affects the profitability of the organization. (Eisen 2007) It has been observed that in the office department, the expenses are more than 24% in 2009 as compare to previous year. On the other hand, the increase in sales re venue is about 12%. This shows twice the expense incurred as compared to the revenue. The amount of depreciation seems to be lower. Hence the expenses that incurred may be of administrative or marketing nature. Vice versa, the expenses in bedroom division fall by 11% approximately, but the sales revenue also suffered greatly. The non cash item like depreciation seems to be of constant value. In kitchen division, an almost constant expense with an even much less staff is quiet stunning. On the other hand the sales also decrease by approximately 4%, which may indicate cost cutting in the marketing side. No new fixed asset added up, hence depreciation is quiet lower then of previous year. Revenue/Employee Ratio The ratio will be a tool to determine the link between sales revenue and the staff acquired to incur that much revenue. It is the simplest tool to evaluate the performance of a department using men power. (OCED 2001) Each employee of Quality and Office division is earning more than 50k for the business. Whereas the kitchen department is going too good as the revenue earned is of about 89k per employee. The worst situation came to knowledge about bedroom department, the department has not only incurred a straight decline in sales revenue but its overall R/E ratio is also in its worst position. The division is earning 24k /employee. According to the audit management letter, it has been noticed that the department is also involved in releasing salaries of those who have been retired. The control objectives should be fulfilled to overcome such issues. It shows the carelessness of accounts department and the payroll (HR) department as well. Interest/Profit Ratio For the firms it is most important to cover the interest within its profits. If the company fails to pay the interest, it may endanger its further survival. Short term liabilities and paying off interest should be the top most priority of an organization. The interest/ profit seem to be of an acceptable level for all the divisions of Jools Furniture Ltd. The second major point to remember is that most of the time the divisions are financed internally. The level of interest is not of much considerable value in Jools Ltd, but the organization must utilize the financing facility to maximize its profitability. It has been notified that highly geared organizations earn more as compare to low gearing organizations; however, the risk involved to that organization is insolvency. ROCE Return on Capital employed is one of the most concerning ratio for a company from the shareholders point of view. This ratio indicates the performance of a company with regard to converting the shareholders investment into profits for them. The ratio is calculated by diving the earning before interest and tax by the total equity of the company. This ratio is one of the most important indicator of profitability and the efficiency of a company to generate profits. (Sinha 2009). Jools Ltds ROCE ratio has increased from 14% during the year 2008 to 15% in 2009. This increase in the ratio is mainly due to the increase in the return generated by the company which is greater in extent when compared with the increasing equity in the business. This is good sign but yet the return is only 15% which ca be improved by a better management of non performing sections of the company. The Liquidity Ratios These ratios can find the current position of any organization. The overall current holding which can be converted into cash at any time can be measure through these ratios. (Brigham2007) The two Current and Quick Acid Test ratios of the company are as follows. The over all current ratio of company seems to be very good. The ratio is about 1.5 which is satisfactory. The company should utilize the gearing facility to invest more to earn higher returns. The quick ratio for the organization is about 67%. The bedroom division and the kitchen division stocks too much inventory in WIP which should be well controlled. It can only be controlled by an efficient labor force when WIP is kept at its lowest level. Conclusion The ratios discussed above show an impact of weak financial management. The finance director must be much vigilant about investing the cash. The major point which has come to mind is the usage of gearing. Finance director should utilize the option of short term or even long term liabilities to get some better returns. The level of long term liability has remained at an almost constant level which indicates that the company has got a potential to generate funds through long term financing and solve some of the operational problems. Therefore the over all financial performance of the company is not quite satisfactory. There are also some incidents of fraud reported which further make the situation worse for the company. The divisional control over different aspects seems to be of low quality. The control regarding inventory should be improved. The receivable balances in bedroom department are depicting abnormality and should be considered. The current facility from vendors side sh ould also be revised. The bed room divisions list of balances regarding trade receivables and payable must be reconciled with list of their balances. The eventually increasing figures of expenses are also of great concerns and should be among top considerations. The managing director of bedroom division is also near his retirement age. He also considers that he is unable to implement control objectives. The presence of such a person in the senior position of the company is a question mark which needs to be answered immediately. The situation, circumstances and the financial figures are truly substantial and strong measures should be taken to avoid any possibility of future failure. Jools needs to address the management issues in the company to allow its future survival and sustainability. Task2 Role of an Accountant Now-a-days accountants are not only the persons to make good calculations. The era has converted many professionals towards much professionalism. With the passage of time the role and the responsibilities of the accountants also changed very much. Accountants are now further divided into different branches. A professional accountant is one engaged in different activities related to different areas of a business. The major concerns of an accountant are regarding the inflows and out flows of the company. An account attracts a trust from the business holders. They are responsible for any fraud or similar anomalies within a business. (Brooks, Dunn 2009) Management accounting is also one of vast field and important part of accounting. The accountants contribute well towards the accomplishment of the business plans and targets. Different types of tasks are performed by accountants like reporting and budgeting and making different forecasts. If a company owes a vigilant accountant who und erstands all his responsibilities and duties, that companys overall risk dwindles. The rapid changes in business need the accountant to be more efficient. Accountants are key players behind business development. Accountants serve a business in many different ways like, auditing, cost controlling, management and many other specialized areas. This shows the need and the responsibility level of an accountant towards the organization. (Lehman 1995) The Role of Finance Director The department of the finance is the major part of a company which contributes towards the short term as well as long term success of the business. There are many key functions which should be performed by finance department. Some of the foremost function and key responsibilities are discussed below to highlight the role of the finance director towards business. Finance department is not only concerned to finance related matters, but the team is also involved in many other administrative and business activities like fulfillment of tax returns, making financials and reporting time to time to asses the overall performance and efficiency of the business. All these activities can be performed efficient only because of an observant finance director. Control and Governance is the major risk towards the survival of any organizations. Directors are appointed to keep the control and to run the organization according to the companys polices. Finance director is a key player in maintain ing the control and finding any fraudulent activity in the business. Control or governance is not only tracing frauds but it also demands directors to implement the strong control procedures, which should be followed by the others. Cost Controlling is one of the major activities that must be managed well by finance director. A loss making organization can survive in a society, whereas the organization that runs short of money cant. Finance director is responsible to take reasonable measures to overcome wealth problems towards the organization. Internal Control must be well governed by the finance department. The finance director and his team are responsible for each and every flaw in control environment. Finance director is one who is the financial policy maker and makes the control environment strong. Reporting to external stakeholders is one of the major responsibilities of finance department. The finance manger of the organization should be well aware of all the changes and up gradations in the accounting terminology. The accounts should be maintained following GAAP. All the reports must ne following the applicable or international accounting systems. The above mentioned are the most important areas to be controlled by a finance director. The above mentioned responsibilities show that the finance division is the most complex but task oriented department in the organization. If the manger or the director directs his team well, the department will definitely contribute positively towards achieving business objectives. On the other hand if the finance department loses the control over things, then the survival of the business may become a question mark. The Fiduciary Duty of Directorship It is a fiduciary duty of director to represent the whole organization. He must take all the decisions in best interest of the organization. The director is not supposed to have any personal interests in any of the companys decision making. Good directors know their limits and powers very well. If a director thinks himself to be not suitable for company he must immediately backup instead of going further. Director is responsible to direct a company and if the director is unable to do so, the company ends up to failure. The Corporate Code of Governance require the presence of non-executive directors in the board of directors but, Jools is currently not having NED in its board. The company should be aware of the consequences of this matter. Finance Director of Jools Furniture Industries Ltd David Green, the finance director of Jools is qualified chartered accountant. He is a full member of the board of directors of the company. The information states that there is no divisional finance director and therefore David Green is assumed to have all the responsibilities regarding the financial matters of the company. David is practicing an autonomous role in the financial management of Jill, and therefore there is a communication gap between him and the lower level of staff as there is no intermediary in between. It can be noted that the company has a large amount as current assets. This means that the inventory level is high as well as other liquid items such as cash and cash equivalents are not utilized properly. The company has been facing issues to generate revenue in the bedroom department. Since a finance director is in a role to control all such matters, the performance of David is not appearing satisfactory here. A constant increase is seen in the expenses of t he company over the years and the trend is almost same in almost all the departments of the company. The increasing expense figure is indicating a poor management by the finance director. As one of the major responsibilities of a finance director is to ensure the profitability of the company, this role is not being fulfilled by David as the expenses do not seem to be under his control. It should be noted that David has to deal with all the divisions of the company alone as he is the only finance director of the company with no directors at the divisional level, therefore a huge burden of work can be a major reason for not performing well in managing the financial matters of the company. Although the revenue is in a constant increase when a comparison of the three years is made, yet the expenses are increasing with a larger pace and overcoming the increasing revenue. Therefore looking at the overall scenario, it can be said that the financial matters are not being managed prope rly and there is a huge risk that such a scenario can lead to future problems for the company. Jools should consider the likely impact of the outcomes if the situation is not addressed properly. The board including the Finance director should assess that how the financial performance of the company can be proved. Before continuing further, the first step that the board of director should do is to follow the requirements of Code of Ethics and Conduct and appoint the required level of Non Executive Directors at the board to ensure that the laws are complied. Although this may become a further burden over the companys expenditure, yet the role played by NEDs can contribute very positively in the best interest of Jools. The presence of Non Executive Directors will ensure a just and reasonable strategy towards the management of problems in existence in the company and also reduce the possibilities of fraud and miss management. The audit management report has also highlighted some p roblems with the financial matters of the company. It has been noted that the inventory has been reported stolen, which indicates that the controls are not strong in the inventory management department and a part of its responsibility falls on the shoulders of the finance director who is responsible to ensure the proper working of all the finance related departments. The audit report also shows that the payroll department is also not functioning properly. The incidents of fraud are also reported in that department too. This is a very serious issue which has to be answered by the finance director who has the direct responsibility over that departments functioning. The sales ledger also have shown a five moths outdated balance which is another indication of fraud going on in the company and the finance director is unaware of the issues. As the information states that David is not accustomed to the business environment of Jessi and thereof it should be noted that his non satisfac tory performance can be due to the same reason. Although David is a qualified person but as per the information provided, he is not suitable for the furniture industry environment and therefore his presence in the board as well as in the company should be evaluated. However, it should also be noted that besides the problems, the finance directors has shown some satisfactory performances as well. He has maintained the liquidity position at a good rate and ensured that the liquidity performance of the company is not compromised. The return on capital for the company has increased from a level of 14% to 15 % from year 2008 to 2009. Although the total increase is very small yet there is an increase. The company has been able to generate a 9% extra earning before interst during the year 2009 as compared to the last year. Furthermore, David has allowed Jools to expand its operations by effectively managing the companys financial needs. Therefore if there are several problems with th e performance of the finance director, there is positive performance as well. Thus the professional expertise of the finance director cannot be questioned and the only problem is the one that the scenario itself identifies that David does not have flair to the Jools business. However, this reason is not enough to justify the malfunctions and frauds being detected in the departments under his direct control. It should be noted that a Finance director is not only responsible for the management profitability and revenue, but also responsible for the decision making related to the sources of finances and their suitability to the company. Moreover, a finance director is also responsible for the management of the control processes in the financial department of the company to ensure that the financial management related processes are operating effectively and according to the required standards. Recommendations There are several fraud detections and other serious issues present in the accounting and finance departments performance. These issues can only be solved by introducing finance directors at the divisional levels of the company and allowing them a full autonomy to oversee the departments take actions to control the issue present. The other solution is to review the presence of David as the finance director as the company can definitely find better candidates for the position who are not only equally qualified and experienced but also have flair to Jools business environment. The other most important step that Jools has to take to ensure the prevention of fraud and other anomalies in the company is to appoint Non Executive Directors in the company and abide the applied laws over it. The presence of NEDs will not only add professional expertise in the company but will also add an independent body to ensure that the shareholders interests are secured and given the prime importance in the company. Finance Director cannot be assumed to owe all the responsibility towards the presence of fraud in the company but the other directors including the managing director have an equal responsibility for it as well. Task 3 Prospects of Investment Proposal The data submitted for the investment proposal to the board shows a positive prospect about its future outcome. The project is expected to earn an NPV of pound;500,000 over 6 years duration. This project is to support the growth strategy of the company and to uphold its future sustainability in the market. Although there is a positive NPV of pound;500,000, yet it should be kept in mind that the project is having a probability of only 25% to get break even. Loan as a Source of Finance The decision to implement the above investment proposal is highly dependant upon the availability of finance. Finance is one of the major limiting factors for any organization. The directors of the company have requested the board to raise a pound; 1.8 m loan to finance the proposed project. However, the board needs to look upon the implications of securing a loan before accepting the request and also carefully evaluate the use of other sources of finance which the company can use to raise finance. (Hall 2010-A) Advantages of Loan as a Source of Finance The major advantage that a loan has is the quick availability of it. Any company can raise a loan through any lending organization as far as it can place a security against the amount. This quick availability of loan makes it the most widely used source of finance. The other advantage that a loan has as a source of finance is the flexibility in the repayment options. The company can negotiate a loan based on its suitability and dependant upon its stream of income. A loan can be generated easily as there are a lot of lending companies offering to give a loan to companies. Another advantage of using loan as a source of funding is the amount which a loan can offer. It has been seen that the lending organizations can lend as much as a company requires, however only if an equally valued security is deposited against it. (Hall 2010-B) Disdvantages of Loan as a Source of Finance Besides the above advantages, loan has a lot of disadvantages associated with it as well. The biggest disadvantage is the interest payment that often becomes a headache for the companies to pay. An interest is actually the payment for using the facility of loan and if its unpaid, it attracts further interest on the amount unpaid, therefore, making loan a costly source of finance. The other great disadvantage associated with a loan is the security which has to be placed against it. Arranging a security often becomes an issue for small to medium sized companies, who usually need loans more to fund their operations as compared to a large entity. Placing a security is also difficult because the lending institution often demand a liquid item to be secured over the loan. The other negative impact of a loan can be seen of the financial analysis of it. A company surviving majorly over loan financing, depicts a high gearing ratio and this high gearing ratio discourages potential shareholder s to invest in the companys shares. Moreover, loans can also decrease the profitability of the company, thus leaving a smaller amount for the companies to pay their shareholders. (Hall 2010-C) Other Alternative Sources of Finance There are a lot of other alternatives to raise finance other than using a loan. Two of them are listed below; Fund Raising through Stock Market One of the major sources of finance for companies is the stock market, where they can trade their shares as a commodity and raise funds for their needs. Companies can issue shares to attract buyers and raise finance by selling those shares to them. The cost of issuing shares is usually the administrative expenses associated with the share issuance and payable to the brokers, however a company needs to be registered on a stack market in order to get involved in stock market trading. Moreover, the issuance of shares depends highly upon the current position of the company with respect to its financial performance and also the present estimates and forecasts of its future performance. Share holders are interested to invest their money in a company which can offer them a steady income as well as a security of their investment. The only security that a shareholder can get is the great future prospects of a company as no physical security is required in this case. (Hall 2010-D) Therefo re, Jools Furniture Industries Ltd can use this source of finance for raising the money required by the kitchen department for creating the new operations. Sale and Leaseback of Assets to generate finance A very important source of finance for companies is its own assets. Instead of securing an asset with a bank or any other lending company, and getting itself involved with paying high amounts of interests, while bounded to follow the restrictions to use the secured asset applied by the lending company, a company can enter a sale and lease back agreement and generate the funds. A sale and Lease back arrangement is where a company sells an asset to someone with an agreement that the asset will be used by the company, but a rent will be paid for that usage. The company retains the unrestricted use of the asset as well as gets an immediate finance for its needs. The only disadvantage associated with this source of finance is the amount of rent payable to the purchase. Furthermore, the asset gets off the companys balance sheet as it no more remains to be an asset of it. (Hall 2010-E) Recommendation Although Jools Furniture Industries Ltd is seeking a loan as a source of finance, but the above analysis shows that there are better alternatives available for it. If the company is registered with a stock exchange, it can issue shares and get the funds needed. However, if a company owns an asset, either spare or not in much use, it can be used to generate fund through a sale and leaseback agreement. The board has to decide over the matter keeping in view the desired outcomes.